Trench Foot and Trench Rats free essay sample

Allied men were affected. Whale oil played a vital role in minimizing the condition but even so some 74,000 Allied troops had been afflicted by the end of the war. In Flanders and France trenches were dug in land that was often at or near to sea level and where the water table was Just beneath the soil surface. After a couple of feet of digging the soldiers inevitably hit water and the trenches became flooded. To make matters worse, the heavy artillery barrages estroyed the agricultural land-drains and the whole landscape became a sea of mud in which men could literally drown. Conditions were arguably at their worst at the battle of Passchendaele in the Ypres salient. The photograph, taken on November 14th 1917, shows Private Reginald Le Brun and other members of the 16th Canadian Machine Gun Company in the reserve line at Passchendaele. After hours and days of standing in soaking wet socks and boots, Trench Foot would begin to set in. We will write a custom essay sample on Trench Foot and Trench Rats or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The mens feet would swell and go numb and then the skin would start to turn red or lue. Untreated feet rapidly became gangrenous and would need to be amputated. The feet in the photograph belong to an unfortunate, but unknown, Canadian soldier struck down in 1917. To minimize the chances of contacting Trench Foot, the men were ordered to change into dry socks as often as possible. Around 1916, John Logie Baird started to sell socks prepared with borax to help alleviate the problems of wet feet. These were widely used by soldiers at the front. The soldiers were also instructed to grease each others feet with whale oil at least once a day. It is estimated that a battalion (1007 men and 30 officers) at the front would use up to ten gallons of whale oil every day. Trench rats Rats brown and black thrived literally in their millions among trenches in most Fronts of the war primarily the Western Front. Trench conditions were ideal for rats. Empty food cans were piled in their thousands throughout No Mans Land, heaved over the top on a daily basis. Aside from feeding from rotting food littered in such cans, rats would invade dug-outs in search of food and shelter. Most soldiers who erved on the Western Front would later recall how rats grew in boldness, stealing food that had been lain down for Just a few moments. Rats would also crawl across the face of sleeping men As they gorged themselves on food so they grew, with many rats report-edly growing to the size of cats. George Coppard, recalled the ceaseless rattling of tin cans during the night, the sound of rats constantly ferreting in No Mans Land. However the feature which caused revulsion among soldiers was the knowledge that rats openly fed on the decaying remains of comrades killed while dvancing across No Mans Land. Attacking and eating the eyes of corpse first, rats would steadily work their way through the remainder of the body in a short space of various means of dealing with the rat problem. Although shooting at rats was strictly prohibited it being regarded as a pointless waste of am-munition many soldiers nevertheless took pot shots at nearby rats in this manner. Attacking rats with bayonets was also common. However the rat population was not noticeably diminished by such techniques a pair of rats was capable of producing some 800 offspring within a single year.

A I D S

A I D S Why do we need to know about the AIDS? An estimated 800,000 to 1.2 million people in the United States are infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) (American Social Health Association). Unlike many diseases, HIV infection and AIDS are preventable and getting up-to-date information is the first step towards protecting yourself. Africa and Asia has the most Aids affected patients in comparison from the other continents. Countries with a high rate of infection are Uganda, Burundi, Malawi, Rwanda, Tanzania and Zambia. According to World Health Organization, Asia had 1 millian individuals mostly in India and Thailand whose blood had tested positive for the AIDS vius (steel 11). In order to increase awareness about AIDS, including how dangerous it is, we must make sure that every person knows what AIDS is, how it is spreading in Asian and AFrican countries and how it is transmit from one individual to other.HIV infectionDEFINING AIDSAIDS stands for Acquired Immune Deficiency Sy ndrome and HIV means Human immunodeficiency virus. A general misconception is that a person who has an HIV positive test has AIDS. An HIV person can receive and AIDS diagnosis on the basis of certain blood tests and may not have experienced any serious illness. AIDS is the last stage of HIV infection. Typically, HIV lives in an infected person's body for months or years before any signs of illness appear (ASHA, 1).AIDS IN THE WORLDHIV patient's rates in most of the Asians countries have increased by over 100% since 1994 overall infection rates among the general population remain low in comparison with those in sub-saharan Africa. But with 60% of the world's population, even low HIV prevalence rates looks into large numbers of people living with the virus, and Asia is expected to be the flashpoint for...

Jazz Improv Combo Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Jazz Improv Combo - Movie Review Example In total, there were about seven men and two women. All the men worked on instrumentation, while the two women were mainly involved with the vocals. The tones employed by the vocalists were mainly altos. However, they sang separately. The whole performance was void of dance and movements. The musicians, while playing the instruments maintained their positions. However, the vocalists exhibited slight body movements during their actions. The music presented was purely jazz music. Each composition was played in its own unique way to avoid repetition of compositions; this is a characteristic of jazz music. The performers frequently altered melodies, tones, and harmonies deliberately. This created in the audience a different feeling and experience, which was exciting. There was a mixture of long and short music pieces. However, the short pieces were more than long pieces. This mixture of pieces allowed for breaks on the performers’ side and on the audience side as well. The concert was mainly performed by a jazz group, which undertook different approaches in their performance. Instrumental pieces took a greater part of the concert. These were a combination of long and short pieces of different music pieces. On the other hand, there were two main vocal presentations by the two women in the band. These solo presentations were accompanied by instrumentations. The solo presentation made the concert deviate from instrumentation, therefore presenting to the audience a new experience of vocalization. This was essential in striking a balance between vocalization and instrumentation. In this concert, a variety of music from different composers was performed. However, I will focus on my favourite music piece, which was â€Å"Careless Whispers.† The instrumentation of this piece was played without the vocals. George Michaels, born in 1964, originally wrote this piece of music, when he was twenty. Michael came up with this music one day while working as a

To improve customer satisfaction through customer journey experience Research Paper

To improve customer satisfaction through customer journey experience in retail banking of a local bank - Research Paper Example The project would review the impact of these two concepts on customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. Service quality is a central element to the success of businesses. This is because quality is often inherent in the nature and structure of the level of satisfaction that customers attain in accessing services (Parker, 2010). This implies that the success and failure of a given company depends on how well they meet service quality requirements and expectations. Service quality makes customers satisfied. This provides a strong case for customers to remain loyal to a company and its brands (Sigala, 2008). Customer relationship management is therefore a tool for the creation of a strong connection and bond with its customers. This relationship is steeped in service quality and it leads to customer loyalty. According to Sigala (2008), customer relationship management is essential for the survival of businesses. Customer relationship management enables a company to build a long term link with its customers and convert them to returning clients. Another research states that it costs up to seven times more to attract a new client than to convert an existing customer to a returning customers (Parker, 2010). This means that customer relationship management is important and vital in cutting down costs and at the same time, promoting a firms operations. Customer relationship management provides a structured means through which maintains a link with its customer. This helps the company to optimize its relationship with the customers and use the best systems to continue to remain in touch with the customers. Another school of thought presented by OReilly and Paper, 2012) is that customer relationship management providers an avenue for the maintenance of a satisfactory quality level. Customer relationship management enables a business to operate to meet the best

Managing new ventures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Managing new ventures - Essay Example This research will be carried out by the organization themselves or even by some external agencies. As customer is the â€Å"King† of any business and as the organization manufactures its products or offers its services only to sell it to the customers, they have to be studied as part of market research. That is, customer’s preferences regarding the products’ price, quality, packing, appearance, etc has to be studied and those information can be used while designing the product and also while formulating the marketing campaign. Berman (2007) state customer preferences, buying habits, their demographics, language and other trends of particular markets must be evaluated. Intensive market research can enable an organization to identify the strengths and weakness of its competitors. By understanding those aspects, organization can have good information about the things that were working out well for the competitors, as well as the things that has caused failures. With that information, the organization can design its products and its marketing campaign accordingly, thereby increasing its competitiveness. Moreover, the organization by avoiding the failed strategies can prevent any harm to them at an early stage. The process that can be used to do the market research is market positioning (McMahan 2006). According to McMahan (2006) market positioning process involves 5 steps: an identification of the target market, a understanding of the competitive environment, strategy formulation for improving competitive position, establishing strong brand image, and development of a supply chain program. This process can provide effective results because it focuses on all aspects of external environment and also the management of any organization. Unlike internal forces, external forces are not directly controlled by the management of an organization, so they need to be studied in-depth through this process to get effective

Why Plan Human Resources Carters Supermarkets Business Essay

Why Plan Human Resources Carters Supermarkets Business Essay Considering the plan of an expansion of Carters Supermarkets, and the fact that the company will have to deal with greater number of staff, we, Alex and Jennifer Carter, intend to highlight the importance and to put forward our ideas about human resource planning and human resource policies in our organisation. Why to plan human resources? Since our organisation is at a stage of business expansion through opening 3 new supermarkets, four times bigger than existing ones, and with new specialist departments, it is obvious that we have a demand for new staff to meet the organisations objectives. Therefore, human resource planning (HRP) will help us to analyse and identify how many new people we require, when we need them, what range of skills we expect them to have, are these people available on the labour market or we need to train them to achieve our objectives. HRP will also look at such aspects as competition, impact of the location of our future supermarkets; audit of current workforce, and use this information to fit with companys goals. If we do not consider human resource planning, our business may consequently suffer as We may not create any new customers, We may lose faith of our existing ones by delivering unprofessional, poor service in our new departments; We risk to recruit wrong people; We may hire wrong number of people and affect our labour budgets. These factors will severely affect our business and we may, at the end, give up our position to our competitors. What will be the workforce requirements for each supermarket? The following measures will help us to identify the workforce requirements (Martin, 2009) We need to convert our business plans into future labour requirements. This means, we need to break down projected labour according to their functions in a supermarket, their different categories, skills and knowledge they will need. We need to create a profile of the existing workforce, which means we need to assess the number of the existing staff and their suitability for the future job positions. These measures will enable us to identify how many new people of which categories we will need to recruit for which positions, and what skills and knowledge they will have to possess. Coming to our project of expansion, we will take the following step-by-step approach to identify our workforce requirements: What is our objective? To open 3 new supermarkets four times larger than existing ones. Where will they be located? One in Tooting; One in Clapham Junction; One in Putney. What products will each supermarket offer? Dairy products Fruits Vegetables Canned and packaged products Household products Soft drinks section Frozen food section New departments: Fresh meat counter Fresh seafood counter Bakery What will be supermarkets opening hours? 8am to 10pm. How many people do we need? The staff will work in two shifts: 8 a.m. 3 p.m., and 3 p.m. 10 p.m. On each shift we would consider to have: 1 Butcher 1 Fishmonger 2 people to fill up shelves (one of which will also check out customers in busy times, or if the cashier needs five minutes break); 1 Cashier 2 people in the bakery Supervisor (who will be in charge for other shops as well). Total number of staff per shift: +8. What are the requirements for each category of staff? Requirements Qualities Butcher Fishmonger: Good knowledge of the products they sell (names, characteristics of the meat, etc.); Knowledge of different recipes and methods of cooking of meat; Good communication skills; Previous experience is preferable. Passionate about their jobs; Friendly; Able to show own initiative (by suggesting to customers different ways of cooking, for example); Confident. Cashier: (also the person who will look after shelves and assist customers) Knowledge of basic arithmetic; Skill in handling cash; Good communication skills; No previous experience required. Friendly; Helpful; Trustworthy; Thorough (able to rotate the products according to their shelf-life); Able to handle difficult situations. Baker: Prior work experience required. Passionate about their job; Able to work under pressure. Supervisor: Ability to manage team; Knowledge of marketing; Ability to coordinate orders and deliveries; Good eye for detail; Accountability for stock; Prior experience required. Passionate and dedicated; Friendly and approachable; Responsible; Multitask; Confident. What is our existing workforce profile? We have currently two existing shops with the total number of staff of 5 people, from which 3 sales persons (rotating between two shops Catherina Pacetti, Victoria Smith and Rashid Malik), 1 person in charge for stocks and deliveries for both shops (Alex Carter), and Jennifer Carter, responsible for all paper works. How will we plan our human resources? The diagram in the Appendix represents our suggested plan for staffing: Catherina, Victoria and Rashid will be transferred to new sites as Head Sales Assistants. Each will train other 2 newly-hired people for Sales person/Cashier positions. 2 new experienced sales staff will be recruited for our existing shops. We have to recruit 6 experienced Fishmongers and 6 Butchers for our new sites, as well as 2 Bakers for each of new supermarkets. As the volume of work will increase, Alex and Jennifer will need assistants. Therefore, we have the demand for 1 person to assist Jennifer in the office, and 1 Supervisor in charge of our existing shops, who will report to Alex Carter, Head Manager/Supervisor. Total number of staff to recruit: 28, of which 1 Assistant for Jennifer 1 Supervisor to report to Alex Carter 6 Butchers 6 Fishmongers 6 Bakers 8 Sales/Cashier people. How human resource planning will contribute to organisations objectives? Provided that we: Regard people as a source of competitive advantage Plan human resources carefully Recruit right people for the right positions Give necessary training to our staff Respect the needs of our employees and treat them fairly Appraise their contribution by giving feedback or reward We can achieve a healthy organisational culture. This strategy will ensure that our employees are satisfied about their jobs, provide high quality customer service, are committed and motivated to achieve our organisational targets. Overall, our human resource planning strategy will contribute to our companys objectives for becoming a strong competitor for other grocery supermarkets, and thriving by making good profits. Why should we have human resource policies in our organisation? We should have HR policies for the following reasons: It would show the compliance of our organisation with law; A clear relationship between our organisation and our employees would be established; Employees would know their rights and what to expect from us; There would be a solid base for all employees to be treated equally; A distinction between acceptable and unacceptable behaviour would be drawn; All procedures and processes of employment would be clearly defined; HR policies would create our organisational culture: such policies as recruitment, retention, pay, holidays, reward, would show how we value our employees; If we have HR policies, we will be prepared to take actions if some difficult situations arise, and resolve problems according to the legislation. All the above create a legal framework within which Human Resource operates and develops a good practice. What will be the impact of employment legislation on human resource policies in our organisation? When designing our organisations HR policies, we need to take account of the existing law and employment regulations that apply to us. Different aspects of HRM, such as employment rights and responsibilities, contractual term and conditions, data protection, pay, health and safety, discrimination issues, are already covered by the legislation. Thus, we need to design HR policies that would meet our organisations objectives and reflect existing human resources laws. The following are the examples of regulations, which our HR policies and procedures will be based upon: Employment Right Act 1996 Health and safety at Work Act 1974 National Minimum Wage Act 1998 Sex Discrimination Act 1975 The Race Relations Act 1976, and others. These primary legislation documents will help us to shape our HRM policies and practices such as Recruitment strategy and practice, selection techniques, retention; Pay and benefits (pay systems, holidays, pension arrangements, sickness and sick pay, maternity rights and benefits); Equal opportunities (sex, race, disability discriminations); Training and development (induction and mandatory training, appraisal and performance management); Employee relations (disciplinary, grievance and dispute procedures); Redundancy and reorganisation (handling redundancies, reorganisation and managing internal change); Health and safety and risk management (the enforcement and management of health and safety at work). CONCLUSION To conclude, if we are to expand our business even further, satisfy our customers needs and make good profits, we have to practice strategic human resource planning and implement HR policies and systems. We believe this will enable us to have right, dedicated and motivated employees that will provide excellent customer service and contribute to meeting our companys overall objectives.

Identity in Sylvia Plaths The Bell Jar Essay -- Plath Bell Jar Essays

Identity in The Bell Jar      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A sense of individuality is essential for surviving the numerous emotional and physical obstacles encountered in daily life. A unique identity is perhaps one of the only true characteristics that defines an individual and is definitely a key principle for understanding and responding to one's atmosphere. In the "Bell Jar," Esther battles not only a deteriorating mental stability, but also a lack of a sense of individuality. Esther is a young, sensitive and intelligent woman who feels oppressed by the obvious social restrictions placed upon women, and the pressure she feels regarding her future. Undoubtedly these emotional burdens result not only in Esther's social and intellectual isolation, but also her impending mental breakdown. Clearly, Esther is deeply troubled by the hypocritical and often vicious world encompassing her, and feels overwhelmed and powerless to break free of her inner world of alienation. Instead of firmly establishing a genuine sense of self , Esther adopts and scrutinizes the images and personalities of the women in her life, which neither fit nor reflect her legitimate character.    Throughout the novel Esther is faced with numerous possibilities regarding her future aspirations. Although she is an extremely perceptive and bright woman, Esther has no sense of imminent direction, and instead imagines herself becoming and achieving an abundance of successes simultaneously. Upon meeting her boss, Jay Cee, Esther is immediately impressed with her flourishing balance of a career and marriage, and begins to imagine herself attaining similar achievements:    "I tried to imagine what it would be like if I were Cee...Cee, the famous editor, in an office full of p... ... The Feminine Identity. Twentieth Anniversary Edition. New York: Norton, 1983. Nizer, Louis. The Implosion Conspiracy. New York: Doubelday, 1973. Plath, Sylvia. The Bell Jar. 1963. London: Faber, 1966. ---. The Journals of Sylvia Plath. Ed. Ted Hughes and Frances McCullough. 1982. London: Anchor-Doubleday, 1998. Radosh, Ronald, and Joyce Milton, eds. The Rosenberg File: A Search for the Truth. 1983. New Haven: Yale UP, 1997. Rich, Adrienne. "Compulsory Heterosexuality and Lesbian Existence." Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 5 (1980): 631-60. Rep. In Adrienne Rich's Poetry and Prose. Ed. Barbara Charlesworth Gelpi and Albert Gelpi. New York: Norton, 1993. 203-24. Stevenson, Anne. Bitter Fame: A Life of Sylvia Plath. London: Viking-Penguin, 1989. Wagner-Martin, Linda. Sylvia Plath: A Biography. New York: Simon, 1987.

Devil in the White City Book Summary Essay

The Devil in the White City, written by Eric Larson, is a gripping novel of two polar opposite men during the building of the World’s Fair in Chicago. It surrounds two characters, both extremely talented at their ‘craft’ and perfectly depicts the rush for industrialization in this time. It follows the lives of Daniel H. Burnham, the fair’s brilliant director of works and the builder of many of the country’s most important structures, and Henry H. Holmes, a serial killer who built a hotel turned torture chamber complete with a dissection table, gas chamber, and crematorium. This story is so interesting because it details true life events and uses real life characters such as Susan B. Anthony, Thomas Edison, and Archduke Franz Ferdinand. Meshing these two characters together enhances the intensity of the story and truly shows the effect of the building of the World’s Fair on Chicago in late 1880 and early 1890. The book begins in 1890, when Chicago is a candidate to hold the World’s Fair, or the World’s Columbian Exposition, meant to commemorate Columus’ arriving in America. Daniel Burnham was responsible for building the White City. He overcame multiple crushing obstacles and personal tragedies to make the Fair the magical, awe-inspiring event that it was. He brought together some of the greatest architects of the Gilded Age such as Charles McKim, George Post, Richard Hunt, Frederick Law Olmsted, and others, and convinced them of the importance of the Fair. Burnham somehow got them to work together to achieve what many considered to be an impossible project in an astonishingly short amount of time. The result of their strenuous hard work ended in a beautiful even that brought almost 40 million people to the city of Chicago and transformed the shoreline of Chicago forever. A few miles away, in the suburb of Englewood, a different kind of story was unfolding. Dr. H. H. Holmes had built a boarding house turned torture chamber on one full city block. Holmes was described as a handsome, blue-eyed charmer who had away with women. He would seduce, mesmerize, and intrigue them, all the way up until the pint at where he killed them. He had many ways of torture and death, such as smothering them with ether-soaked rags, of locking them in an air tight chamber and releasing poisonous gas into them. After killing his victims, Holmes would often dissect them; removing their skin, selling their skeletons to be used in medical school. He truly was the worst victim, due to his sociopathic mind that prayed on the vulnerable and found a certain unexplainable joy in the art of killing.

Eth 125

Write a 1,400- to 1,750-word paper that answers the following questions:  · What information about diversity in the United States has helped you better understand or relate to others in ways that you may not have in the past?  · Have you learned something new about your own racial, ethnic, or cultural history?  · Trends in immigration will continue to shape the demographics of the United States. What will the U. S. population look like in the year 2050? Why do you think so?  · What challenges does the United States face due to the diversity of its people? What are the benefits of such a diverse society?  · How can we foster a climate of acceptance and cultural pluralism in the United States?  · In what ways does the media perpetuate stereotyping and prejudice? Provide examples to support your assertion. (Citations Required)  · In what ways does the media help foster appreciation for diversity? Provide examples to support your assertion. (Citations Required)  · How mig ht individuals and the United States work together to reduce prejudice and increase appreciation for diversity? How might you change your own behaviors to be more inclusive and pluralistic? Title of Paper Begin your paper with the introduction. The active voice, rather than passive voice, should be used in your writing. This template is formatted according to APA Style guidelines, with one inch top, bottom, left, and right margins; Times New Roman font in 12 point; double-spaced; aligned flush left; and paragraphs indented 5-7 spaces. The page number appears one inch from the right edge on the first line of each page, excluding the Figures page.Headings Use headings and subheadings to organize the sections of your paper. The first heading level is formatted with initial caps and is centered on the page. Do not start a new page for each heading. Subheading Subheadings are formatted with italics and are aligned flush left. Citations Source material must be documented in the body of th e paper by citing the authors and dates of the sources. The full source citation will appear in the list of references that follows the body of the paper.When the names of the authors of a source are part of the formal structure of the sentence, the year of the publication appears in parenthesis following the identification of the authors, for example, Smith (2001). When the authors of a source are not part of the formal structure of the sentence, both the authors and years of publication appear in parentheses, separated by semicolons, for example (Smith and Jones, 2001; Anderson, Charles, & Johnson, 2003). When a source that has three, four, or five authors is cited, all authors are included the first time the source is cited.When that source is cited again, the first author’s surname and â€Å"et al. † are used. See the example in the following paragraph. Use of this standard APA style â€Å"will result in a favorable impression on your instructor† (Smith, 200 1). This was affirmed again in 2003 by Professor Anderson (Anderson, Charles & Johnson, 2003). When a source that has two authors is cited, both authors are cited every time. If there are six or more authors to be cited, use the first author’s surname and â€Å"et al. † the first and each subsequent time it is cited.When a direct quotation is used, always include the author, year, and page number as part of the citation. A quotation of fewer than 40 words should be enclosed in double quotation marks and should be incorporated into the formal structure of the sentence. A longer quote of 40 or more words should appear (without quotes) in block format with each line indented five spaces from the left margin. 1 References Anderson, Charles & Johnson (2003). The impressive psychology paper. Chicago: Lucerne Publishing. Smith, M. (2001). Writing a successful paper. The Trey Research Monthly, 53, 149-150.Entries are organized alphabetically by surnames of first authors and ar e formatted with a hanging indent. Most reference entries have three components: Authors: Authors are listed in the same order as specified in the source, using surnames and initials. Commas separate all authors. When there are seven or more authors, list the first six and then use â€Å"et al. † for remaining authors. If no author is identified, the title of the document begins the reference. Year of Publication: In parenthesis following authors, with a period following the closing parenthesis.If no publication date is identified, use â€Å"n. d. † in parenthesis following the authors. Source Reference: Includes title, journal, volume, pages (for journal article) or title, city of publication, publisher (for book). Appendix Each Appendix appears on its own page. Footnotes 1Complete APA style formatting information may be found in the Publication Manual. Table 1 Type the table text here in italics; start a new page for each table [Insert table here] Figure Captions Fig ure 1. Caption of figure [Figures – note that this page does not have the manuscript header and page number] Eth 125 Write a 1,400- to 1,750-word paper that answers the following questions:  · What information about diversity in the United States has helped you better understand or relate to others in ways that you may not have in the past?  · Have you learned something new about your own racial, ethnic, or cultural history?  · Trends in immigration will continue to shape the demographics of the United States. What will the U. S. population look like in the year 2050? Why do you think so?  · What challenges does the United States face due to the diversity of its people? What are the benefits of such a diverse society?  · How can we foster a climate of acceptance and cultural pluralism in the United States?  · In what ways does the media perpetuate stereotyping and prejudice? Provide examples to support your assertion. (Citations Required)  · In what ways does the media help foster appreciation for diversity? Provide examples to support your assertion. (Citations Required)  · How mig ht individuals and the United States work together to reduce prejudice and increase appreciation for diversity? How might you change your own behaviors to be more inclusive and pluralistic? Title of Paper Begin your paper with the introduction. The active voice, rather than passive voice, should be used in your writing. This template is formatted according to APA Style guidelines, with one inch top, bottom, left, and right margins; Times New Roman font in 12 point; double-spaced; aligned flush left; and paragraphs indented 5-7 spaces. The page number appears one inch from the right edge on the first line of each page, excluding the Figures page.Headings Use headings and subheadings to organize the sections of your paper. The first heading level is formatted with initial caps and is centered on the page. Do not start a new page for each heading. Subheading Subheadings are formatted with italics and are aligned flush left. Citations Source material must be documented in the body of th e paper by citing the authors and dates of the sources. The full source citation will appear in the list of references that follows the body of the paper.When the names of the authors of a source are part of the formal structure of the sentence, the year of the publication appears in parenthesis following the identification of the authors, for example, Smith (2001). When the authors of a source are not part of the formal structure of the sentence, both the authors and years of publication appear in parentheses, separated by semicolons, for example (Smith and Jones, 2001; Anderson, Charles, & Johnson, 2003). When a source that has three, four, or five authors is cited, all authors are included the first time the source is cited.When that source is cited again, the first author’s surname and â€Å"et al. † are used. See the example in the following paragraph. Use of this standard APA style â€Å"will result in a favorable impression on your instructor† (Smith, 200 1). This was affirmed again in 2003 by Professor Anderson (Anderson, Charles & Johnson, 2003). When a source that has two authors is cited, both authors are cited every time. If there are six or more authors to be cited, use the first author’s surname and â€Å"et al. † the first and each subsequent time it is cited.When a direct quotation is used, always include the author, year, and page number as part of the citation. A quotation of fewer than 40 words should be enclosed in double quotation marks and should be incorporated into the formal structure of the sentence. A longer quote of 40 or more words should appear (without quotes) in block format with each line indented five spaces from the left margin. 1 References Anderson, Charles & Johnson (2003). The impressive psychology paper. Chicago: Lucerne Publishing. Smith, M. (2001). Writing a successful paper. The Trey Research Monthly, 53, 149-150.Entries are organized alphabetically by surnames of first authors and ar e formatted with a hanging indent. Most reference entries have three components: Authors: Authors are listed in the same order as specified in the source, using surnames and initials. Commas separate all authors. When there are seven or more authors, list the first six and then use â€Å"et al. † for remaining authors. If no author is identified, the title of the document begins the reference. Year of Publication: In parenthesis following authors, with a period following the closing parenthesis.If no publication date is identified, use â€Å"n. d. † in parenthesis following the authors. Source Reference: Includes title, journal, volume, pages (for journal article) or title, city of publication, publisher (for book). Appendix Each Appendix appears on its own page. Footnotes 1Complete APA style formatting information may be found in the Publication Manual. Table 1 Type the table text here in italics; start a new page for each table [Insert table here] Figure Captions Fig ure 1. Caption of figure [Figures – note that this page does not have the manuscript header and page number]

buy custom Modern Social Disorganization essay

buy custom Modern Social Disorganization essay According to Fadaei-Tehrani and Green (2002), regarding the issue of rational choice theory, it is noted that the offender makes a conscious decision to commit a crime using calculated risks. In doing so the offender takes a close look at the risks and the rewards of the crime being planned to be committed that is more often considered in terms of economic prospects (Fadaei-Tehrani and Green, 2002). The main reason for that is consideration of the economic model which is due to the fact that most of the offenders take a look at the economic benefits that they are likely to get and the probable options of making better living by executing their plans. The motivational factor of such crimes is the economic prospects. With such a motivation, it becomes likely that the offenders might utilize intimidation tactics or near-stealth tactic to execute their plans. They take time to plan how to execute their plans. Also, they plan mostly the clarity of their escape routes. In classical school of criminology, there is also the issue of punishment that is raised (Finnane, 2006). There is in-depth consideration of the punishments that the criminals are likely to be given in the event that they are caught (Finnane, 2006;Day and Vandiver, 2000). Offenders are more likely to involve themselves in criminal activities where they are likely to get smaller sentences in a court of law than gross crimes that have bigger sentences. For those who engage in gross crimes, they are more likely to do so as a large group like in the case of Nazi genocide against the Jews for which the society was made to believe that harassing, deporting, robbing and killing of Jews was an acceptable thing (Day and Vandiver, 2000). According to Fords (2011), biological positivism is a trait that is evident in that it makes the offenders or some regions to be more prone to crimes. Travis (2001) notes that the best way to understand biological positivism is to first have the most fundamental definition of a crime for which it is described as the social construct that is unconditionally meant to keep changing over time. This change happens across all cultural divides, just that the level of intensity varies greatly from one cultural setting to another (Travis, 2001). In Positivism, there is quantification of behavior which means that there is a higher probability of determining the likelihood occurrence of an offence and thus aid in proactive defense against the offense either directly from the offenders side or from the targets side. Thus, there is the possibility of reducing the occurrence of offences (Travis, 2001). This approach, however, suffers some challenges in that there is a higher possibility of scientific neutrality that is evidenced in the research (Travis, 2001). For example, it is clear that any research work that is done is mainly based on the observers perspective.Therefore, there is a possibility of the observer tainting the findings as well as a possibility of findings digression from the actual data as it should be done (Travis, 2001). Furthermore, the language that is used in the expression of the findings is observer oriented and thus influences the findings as per what the observer wants them to be (Travis, 2001). There is also the possibility of the determinism of the behavior in that there is disregard of moral choices by the observer as well as the creativity of the offender (Travis, 2001). This in essence shows why there is criticism of the theory which cannot quite be relied upon to provide the necessary data as required. Reintegration shaming is a concept that has been in application in different forms in the past and more so in the less developed African regions as well as the Asian region (Sakiyama, 2011). eintegration shaming is a concept where there is community mediation of relationship between an offender and a victim or a community that brings about restitution to such a person (Sakiyama, 2011). The application of this method in reintegration of the juvenile to the community brings a lot of benefits. To start with, there is a recorded increase in the level of victim satisfaction (Kim Gerber, 2011). This is made possible by the positive attitude that the offender acquires that motivates and brings some level of satisfaction to the victim (Kim Gerber, 2011). Depending on the kind of offense that the juvenile was charged with, there have been noted different outcomes on the attitudes (Kim Gerber, 2011). Since the reintegration also includes the active participation of the community, there is a possibility of a change in perception that the offenders might have. For example, instead of the offenders viewing themselves as gross criminals in a fragile society, they are able to view themselves as acceptable members of the society who had once gone wrong but now have changed for the better. This brings about repentance of the offender for the offence that they had done and the offenders even offering to repay the damages that they had caused to the victims or the society (Kim Gerber, 2011). This, however, is dependent on the degree of repentance in the juvenile offender (Kim Gerber, 2011). For example, it is noted that in African and Asian communities, the community takes an active role in the reintegration which involves the family, religi ous organizations and the community at large (Kim Gerber, 2011: Sakiyama, 2011). Reintegration is executed through the encounter and amends the process whereby the offender first admits committing the offense and then the offender understands why whatever they did was wrong (Sakiyama, 2011). This then leads to apology for the offense and subsequent quest for behavioral changes (Sakiyama, 2011). In this gaming scenario, the most applicable crime theory is the rational choice theory of crime causation (Fadaei-Tehrani and Green, 2002). The reason for this is because the player makes rational decisions in the game on how best to execute the animosity in the national school. There is a famous Chinese saying that says, what I hear I forget, what I see I remember, and what I do I understand. Children in school are good at experimenting with whatever they find to try. The national school shooting tour 2012 offers the best opportunity to load a gun and execute the plans. For example, in a scenario where a group of criminally motivated school children or academically dissatisfied children who would like to stop the progress of a school, the game gives multiple options on how to execute their intentions to destroy the school. Given a very applicable and well versed scenario, schoolchildren understand their learning environment much better while playing the game only raises their zeal to actuate the virtual warfare in their learning environment. Rationally there are children that have higher inclination to getting more challenging environments to commit crimes on a higher level and this game is giving the children that opportunity to play and weight their options of the possibility of executing their plans. Since their curiosity has been raised, some might even try to see how far the virtual war can be taken in actual settings. The routine activity theory is similar to the occurrence of a criminal activity related to the kind of work that an individual is used to doing on a day to day basis and the surrounding environment (Sutton, 2011). The routine activity theory is dependent on the prevailing pattern of activities that happen in the social divide during interaction on a daily basis as noted by Sutton (2011). For example, from mid twentieth century, it has been noted that the amount of hours that bllack women spend at home has greatly decreased and consequently the children have less time for interacting with their mothers (Sutton, 2011). This is related to the lesser number of role models that are available to the children and thus high likelihood to be involved in criminal activities (Sutton, 2011). This leads to social disorganization that raises opportunities for criminals to execute their options (Sutton, 2011; Zimmermann, 2007). Although the theory has some grounds and meets some fundamental scientific validation processes like the answering the questions of What? When? Why? and the like, it fails to pass the test for a good theory since it is hard to quantify the claims of the theory. The theory is mostly based on a generalized approach instead of actual process. The theory also fails the test the possibility of the theory predicting the possible outcome of a crime in a given region and thus it does not quite qualify to be a scientific theory and needs refining to adhere to scientific level. It has been noted that the anomie proposed by Merton is mainly based on the theoretical approach and misses the in-depth causative agents of the crime (Orcutt, 1983; Mizruchi, 1967). For example, on the one hand, in Mertons anomie, it is noted that the theory focuses on suicide, crime and delinquency from a general point of view (Orcutt, 1983; Mizruchi, 1967). On the other hand, considering the anomie by Durkheim, there is exemplification and quantification of the actual causes of these problems. This is evident where Durkheim details the cause of suicide rates as being attributed to egoism, anomie, and altruism as well as fatalism which individually can cause suicidal thoughts (Orcutt, 1983; Mizruchi, 1967). Durkheim supports his claims by application of historical data in the analysis and verification of the claims while in Merton this is exempted in the proposition (Orcutt, 1983; Mizruchi, 1967). Durkheim also includes the notion of the economic status of the surrounding to be a contributor to raise the criminal activity and intents as well as rapid shift in the economy that brings imbalance and, therefore, chaos. For example, after the occurrence of hurricane Katrina there was a noted increase in criminal activities since the economic prospects of the region changed too rapidly. According to Taylor (2001) and Jensen (2003), modern social disorganization is a criminological theory that attributed the current criminal variations that are experienced as well as delinquent behaviors in changing times. This occurs within stipulated territories especially those that are prone to criminal activities due to the likelihood of decrease in risk of being caught on the part of the offender and the likelihood of higher rewards after successful criminal activity (Taylor, 2001; Jensen, 2003). Modern social disorganization is happening more often due to the fact that people are working long hours and earning higher incomes with others having more than one job to help meet their needs. In return these people become better targets as they arrive home late and at times without company thus becoming the best prey to hunt. Traditional or classical social disorganization has been found only in women spending the day out of home while their children are left alone during the day. Currently, some parents arrive home when the children are fast asleep and leave home before they wake up and thus no role models are available to coach them in mannerism. Understanding modern social disorganization will help to understand the current increase in crimes in the urban areas like in big cities since there is less time spent with the children. They spend time with fellow children who spoil one another and engage in drug and substance abuse that might be a prerequisite of criminal activity participation. Buy custom Modern Social Disorganization essay

International marketing Assignmnet Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

International marketing Assignmnet - Assignment Example The paper aims at assessing the scope of international marketing in Indonesia in the context of growth and development of international departmental stores in the country. For conducting an overall assessment, macro environmental analysis has been taken in consideration. The company that has been selected for this analysis is Big W, which is Australian by origin and is planning for expansion in Indonesia. Before getting into in-depth analysis a brief background of the company and its product and services has been provided. In context to overseas expansion, the motive behind such decision has also been discussed in the paper. Following company profile, a brief introduction of Indonesia has been provided along with a detailed study of economic, political, legal and cultural atmosphere of the country. Along with the environmental assessment, advantage and disadvantages associated with the location has also been discussed in the paper so that the company can evaluate the situation in a comprehensive manner before committing any resources. The paper is therefore not limited to mere analysis of Indonesian business environment. Instead, conclusion and recommendations are also provided regarding the same. Big W is one of the well-known discount departmental store chains in Australia. The retail chain is a part of Woolworths Ltd and has more than 100 stores all over Australia. The company aims at selling best quality brands at lowest possible cost. The business of Woolworths ltd is highly diverse and it can be said that the company created the subsidiary variety store for complementing Woolworths’ supermarkets. Big W employs approximately 17000 people all over Australia. The company is focused on delivering best quality at the best price, healthy and safe working environment for its employees and fair degree of return to its stakeholders. The store has a number of delivery systems that suit the consumer needs. Big W has recently diversified in the

The difference between a group and a team Essay

The difference between a group and a team - Essay Example A person who fails in individual assignments may shine excellently in a group or team under the leadership of a leader. Group and team have some basic differences in their formation, functioning and objectives. In a team work all the members have equal responsibility in completing the project successfully. For example, in a marketing team of an organization, each member of the team has equal responsibility is achieving the target. They cannot put the blame entirely on the team leaders for their failures. On the other hand all the group activities are controlled and directed by a group leader and hence the group leader has more responsibility than the members to attain the group objectives. A team usually consists of people having different skills. They may function better under a team compared to individual functioning. For example in a printing unit, the production team may consist of printers, helpers, designers, materials managers, delivery boys etc. Each member has different skills which will be utilized for the benefit of the company. Team objectives may fail if one or more members fail in their missions. For example, if the materials managers failed to procure the materials in time the production may be disturbed. If either the printer or the helper fails to execute their responsibilities properly, then also the production process may be affected. Group on the other hand consists of people having similar skills. For example, in an organization the accounts department may consist of 5 – 10 accountants under an accounts manager or financial controller. The accounts manager/ financial controller distribute the works to the group members and he is responsible for handling the entire finance matters of the company. In case of a financial problem, he cannot blame the group members since all of them work under the strict